Christianity David Mier and The Idea of Grace Essay

GRACE ALONE In this bible talk, David Mier focuses on the idea of grace and â€Å"Why it is worth fighting for.† He starts off referring to the well-known historical figure, Martin Luther, whose ninety-five theses were a key catalyst in the reformation and schism of the Roman Catholic Church in the 16-century. He goes on to say how within these were complaints that the Catholic Church had strayed from the scriptures, how they were focusing too much on deeds or religious works and not on grace. He argues against this idea, stating that grace is the only way to be saved. David Miers largely bases his talk around the idea of humans being helpless without the hand (or grace) of God. He talks at length on how we cannot save ourselves and he†¦show more content†¦In other words, this part of the argument may be reliable to some, but the way it is presented to the audience negates that. On the other hand, the example of Martin Luther at the beginning of the speech provides a historical event well known to both Christians and non-Christians, which supports and strengthens the argument from quite early on in the speech. Bringing it back at the end with the idea of constantly reforming yourself encourages the listener and can convince people to be open minded and listen, even if they don’t agree. How this relates to me. At this point in time I’m not entirely sure what to believe in, which makes it hard to judge this speech. One of the problems that I find with Christianity is there seems to be a different version from every person I meet, which makes it hard to know whether to believe in Catholicism or Protestantism or Anglicanism. They all have a similar theme of Jesus and having faith in God, yet there is discrepancy between these versions of God should I have faith in. This speech seems to be lacking a certain element of explanation towards this problem, in fact the speaker David Miers makes it clear to the audience in his speech and in the comments below on his website that he is

The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Characteristics In Pakistan Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2530 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) plays a very important role in the success development of any economy. According to the SME policy 2007, SME sector is the backbone of Pakistans Economy. Globally, this sector is the major growing force behind the fastest growing economy of China, in term of contribution to the national GDP, scale of assets, diversification of products and the creation of employment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Characteristics In Pakistan Business Essay" essay for you Create order Similarly, the role of SME is well acknowledged in the other countries such as Japan Korea, and all other industrialized economies in terms of economic development (Hand Book on Islamic SME Financing Islamic Banking Department, State Bank of Pakistan, 2009). There are some hidden and apparent obstacles in the path of growth of small and medium enterprises in Pakistan as pointed out in the SME Policy development-2007; the poor national performance on the Human Development Index of the UN has its consequences for SMEs in Pakistan. These include inadequate and generic education and insufficient, poorly focused and under-serving training infrastructure. SMEs mostly draw their human resource (including the owners) from either the higher education institutions or the technical training infrastructure, both of which are not attuned to the SME needs nor are they equipped to address them. This situation limits the capacity and capability of SMEs to innovate, The SME sector neither possess es the financial strength nor the collective wisdom to climb its way out of this low equilibrium enterprise activity. In addition to these factors, according to the Hand Book on Islamic SME Financing (2007), political instability, law and order situation, financial constraints, energy crisis, taxation problems, labor issues, lack of coordination and regular information exchange mechanism among institutions are contributing adversely to all the efforts done for the SMEs development. Shabbir Kashif president of the Rawalpindi Chamber of Commers Industry, (2009, Nov) pointed out the approach of the new entrants in the business and as a big cause of their failure, People come to us say we have such amount of money and we are going to invest in that business. But the point is that prior to Investment they dont think about the future of that Business in next few years, what would be the market demand in future? Instead, they imitate the current trends and current demands of the market, which lead them to the failure. In these types of problems and uncertain situations, the entrepreneurs can do allot for the development and success of the SMEs. According to Thompson, L (2004) In todays world of change and uncertainty we need the talent of entrepreneurs more than ever, we need them to start new businesses, we need them to champion the change agenda in establish corporation and the public sector. Simpsin , M., Tuck, N. Bellany, S (2004), Entrepreneurs or owners-managers are individuals and have their own unique characteristics. The previous studies conducted on the Owner characteristics support that Owner characteristics are the important ingredient for the success of a firm like Lumpkin Dess (1996), Ferreira Azevedo. (2007), Smith J.R, Okhomina Mosley (2006). Research Aims Objectives The aim of the research is to investigate empirically the influence of owner characteristics on the SME performance in Pakistan. Owner Characteristics that will be stud ied are related with personal pursuits that are considered the most important characteristics Naldi, Lucia. Nordqvist, Mattias., Sjoberg ,Karin., Wiklund, Johan, (2007), like Innovativeness, Risk Taking, Proactive ness. Significance of the study This study will contribute to the Knowledge base regarding the Owner Characteristics that contribute in the firms performance, According to Bhutta, M., Rana, A. Asad ,U (2008) A major frustration for most policy researchers in the SME area is the virtual non-existence of scientific data on this sector in the country (i.e. Pakistan). Secondly, it will help entrepreneurs to understand their own strengths and potentials, and identify those characteristics that contribute more in the success of a firm. Thirdly, to the policy makers in this sector to identify and polish the existing entrepreneurs and the people who intend to establish new businesses. Problem Statement The impact of entrepreneurs characteristics on firms perform ance: An empirical study conducted on the surgical equipment manufacturing units in vicinity of Sialkot, Pakistan. Research Question What is the impact of entrepreneurial characteristics like innovativeness, proactive-ness, risk taking, on the firms performance? Literature review As cited by the Bhutta et al (2008), Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur which is a French word meaning one who undertakes an endeavor. Entrepreneurs assemble resources including innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses; however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship is describing activities within a firm or large organizatio n it is referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate venturing, when large entities start spin-off organizations. Whereas according to Lumpkin, G. T. Dess, G. G. (1996) the term Entrepreneurial orientation means the organizational process, methods and styles that firms use to act entrepreneurially. Entrepreneurs Characteristics and Firms Performance Entrepreneurial characteristic is an independent variable in our study. Pointing out the importance of the owner characteristics regarding the firms success and good performance. Ferreira Azevedo (2007, p. 15) commented that the firms which grow more, are those which are entrepreneurially oriented that detect opportunities and obtain an advantage when searching for those opportunities. However, not all firms search for opportunities, a possible explanation could the entrepreneurs attitude, this is, the desire to grow or not. In the previous literature the ownership characteristics has been defined differently by the researchers. According to Lumpkin Dess (1996) Efforts have served to point out the various dimensions of the entrepreneurial process; they have not led to any widely held consensus regarding how to characterize entrepreneurship. This lack of consensus has impeded progress for researchers towards building and testing a broader theory of entrepreneurship and has made it especially, difficult for them to investigate the relationship of entrepreneurship to performance. As evidenced by the previous literature, the researchers have identified different ownership characteristics that influence the success and performance of an organization. These characteristics are autonomy, innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, (Ferreira Azevedo, 2007 Keh , H.., Nguyen, T. Ng, H 2007), competitiveness, aggressiveness, (Hughes et al. 2007 Lumpkin Dess, 1996). Smith, Okhomina Mosly (2006) took psychological traits e.g. need for achievement, internal locus of control , tolerance for ambiguity and risk taking propensity, and social factors such as education, a supportive environment the researchers i.e. Smith , J. R. Mosley , Alisa L (2006) also argued that personality traits viewed alone are inappropriate to explain the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. According to Bhutta et al (2008) There is dearth of knowledge in Pakistan on this sector ( S.M.E) further more he studied the owner characteristics/ orientation like education , media-related habits , use of information technology , number of investor and generation in the business (and found a positive relation ) with the health of the firm. In study of ORegan, Sims Ghobadian (2005) presented the relationship between ownership, decision making and employee deployment and the performance of the firm. Their findings showed that ownership profile is key factor in the success of any SME. As cited by Ferreira Azevedo (2007) Covin Slevin (1991) supported Miller point of view by referring that organizations a nd not only individuals, can have entrepreneurially. They also use defend, use of risk taking innovativeness and proactiveness, as the relevant dimensions of the entrepreneurship. Nevertheless refer to this as a type of behavior labeled as entrepreneur posture. Also cited, Miller (1983), the concept of Entrepreneur orientation was seen as a combination of three dimensions. Innovativeness: is concerned with supporting and encouraging new ideas experimentation and creativity likely to result in new products, services or processes (Miller and Friesen, 1982 and Yusuf, A. 2002). Risk Taking: Measuring the extent to which individuals differ in their willingness to take risk is contentious (Lumpkin and Dess, 1996). Proactive ness: is concerned with first mover and other actions aimed at seeking to secure and protect market share and with the forward looking perspective reflected in action taken anticipation of future demand (Lumpkin and Dess, 1996, Ferreira et al, 2007). In thi s paper the focus of the study is on the owners characteristics like innovativeness, risk taking behavior and proactiveness (Naldi, et al. , 2007), an important role as firms which grow better , have the tendency to develop an EO supported by proactiveness, innovativeness and risk taking .(Ferreira and Azevedo,2007, p.15) (Yusuf A., 2002). Firms Performance and Performance Measures: It is a Dependent variable in the study by the firms performance it means that the performance and success of the firm. O Regan et al. (2005) argued that obtaining measures of performance for SMEs was notoriously difficult. He cited, Laitinen in 2002 suggested that performance can be defined as the ability of an object to produce results in a dimension determined a priori, in relation to a target. He also suggested that the previous studies proved the use of subjective self reporting measures of performance as most of the entrepreneurs avoid/hesitate providing factual or objective figures of their firms performance can be examined both objectively and subjectively (Lumpkin Dess, 1996). Objective examination usually includes comparing firm performance with hard financial measures, whereas subjective examination can be related to more personal issues. In this study, the term subjective measures refers to self-reported measures (Yusuf , 2002). Furthermore, he utilized six items to measure the performance construct , three of these items were profitability indicators , (return of sales, return on investment, return on assets), the other three items were growth indicators (growth in sales, growth in profit and growth in employment). Respondents were asked to indicate how satisfied they are with the performance of their firm and vice a versa. Competitors along each of the six performance measures at a five point Likert scale from much unsatisfied one to very much satisfy were used for that purpose (Yusuf, 2002). Despite the large area of amount of research in the area of performance, no consensus has emerged on appropriate measure (Yusuf, 2002) he further cited the previous work that Performance is multifaceted in nature. This is thought to be necessary because entrepreneurial activity at times leads to different outcomes on different performance indicators so it is suggested that performance measure should include both growth and performance (Wiklund, 1991) regarding the factuality of the objective measures. Bhutta et al, (2008) Yusuf, (2002) argued that objective measures are accurate but the problem is that the respondents are not willing to provide i.e. they hesitate to provide actual figures. On the basis of the above literature review, in this study the performance is operationalised and adopted from Naldis (2007) work, which is based on the approach advocated by (Wiklund, 1991) and also suggested by Yusuf, ( 2002) in above literature review. They operationalized the performance into four dimensions Net profit (i.e. sales operational cost), Growth of the companies value, cash flow, development of sales. They asked the questions to the respondents in self perceived and subjective manner. For instance, the researcher asked, I want to know if you think that your outcome during the past three years has been better, worse or equal to that of other companies in your industry (5 point Likert scale ranging from much worse to m uch better was used). Theoretical Framework Firms Performance Entrepreneur Characteristics Innovativeness Risk taking Pro activeness Adoptability Net profit (i.e. sales operational cost) Growth of the companys value, Cash flow Development of sales Hypothesis Development Owner Characteristics and SME Performance According to Keh, et al. (2007, p.596), the factual evidences prove that there is positive correlation between EO (Entrepreneurial Orientation) and FP (Firm Performance). On the basis of above finding a hypothesis is generated that Owner characteristics have positive impact on the firms performance. H1: Owner characteristics have positive impact on the firms performance. Innovativeness and performance According to Susan, et al, (2005), innovativeness, competitiveness effect economic financial results and statistically significant and moderate in strength, Innovativeness is also an important factor in entrepreneurial orie ntation (Salvou Lioukas, 2003). H2: Innovativeness has a positive impact on the Firms performance. Risk taking and performance Naldi et al (2007), argued that family firms take risks but to lesser extent than do non family firms. Naldi cited, Rauch et al, 2004 found that the risk taking dimension is positively related to performance, even if significantly smaller than other aspects of Entrepreneur Orientation. H3: Risk taking is positively related to the firms performance. Proactiveness and Performance Proactiveness, an emphasis in the persistence and creativity to overcome obstacles (Ferreira, et al, 2007) H4: Proactiveness of the entrepreneur is positively related with Firms Performance. Research Methodology a) Research design Variables: Dependent Variables: In this study Firm Performance was a dependent variable. Independent Variable: Entrepreneurs Characteristics was independent variable. Type of investigation The type of investigation was co relational in nature, with minimal interferenceÂÂ  in the normal course of work or routine tasks. The study was conducted in the natural environment of the organization. Self administered questionnaires were distributed among the owners / partners of the manufacturing units. Unit of Analysis The data was collected from individual Entrepreneur or partner of surgical equipment manufacturing firm. So unit of analysis in this investigation was Entrepreneur or partner (individual). Sample The sample for data collection consisted of 115 entrepreneurs / partners, contacted randomly from the surgical equipment manufacturing units situated in the vicinity of Sialkot. b) Hypothesis development: This research was a hypothetical testing by type. Seven hypothesis were developed through extensive literature review in the literature review section of this report. H1: Owner Characteristics are positively related to firm performance. H2: Innovativeness has a posit ive impact on the Firms performance. H3: Risk taking is positively related to the firms performance. H4: Proactiveness of the entrepreneur is positively related with Firms Performance. Data collection tool Self administered questionnaire was used to collect first hand data from the respondents (owner / partner). Questionnaire was developed after extensive literature review. The different sections of the questionnaire were derived from Keh et al.(2007) , Bhutta et al.(2008) Naldi et al.(2007)(See Appendix I ) Questionnaire consisted of a cover letter, and five sections ranging from A to E. Section A was about Personal Information , Generation in business, education levels Technology adoptability, while the sections B consisted of questions regarding Innovativeness , Proactiveness Risk taking where as Section C consisted of four questions regarding firms performance. Measurement The entrepreneurial characteristics Innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness fir ms performance were measured on 5 point Likert scale. Where ranking started from 1= strongly disagree to 5= strongly agree , Innovativeness, Proactiveness, Risk Taking, while responses to the Firm Performance questions ranged from 1=Much Worse to 5=Much better. Surgical Instruments manufacturing Industry in the sialkot area is selected in this study. According to Board of Investment Govt. of Pakistan report on Pakistan Light Engineering Sector, among these units about 230 surgical units are located in Sialkot District. In this study 50% of the respondents i.e ownwers or partners were selected randomly of these 230 firms as a sample. Questionnaire was adapted from Yusuf (2002), Naldi, et al. (2007), Bhutta et al. (2008) Ferreira, et al. (2007). Questionnaire was distributed personally to the Owner/ Active Partners.

The Pride of Being a Woman Free Essays

The Pride of Being a Woman Before WW1 in Canada, women were discriminated against, and were not considered being â€Å"persons. † However during the war while men were off fighting, women were given the opportunity to occupy many jobs, at which they found their sense of independence and pride. After WW1, women realized that they were just as strong as men and deserved to have equal right just as they did. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pride of Being a Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women decided to fight for their rights, and improve the roles of woman in Canada forever. For example, women moved away from being known as housewives, and joined the work force. Women struggled to be considered equal to men, however through the efforts of the suffrage movement, women earned the right to vote, decreased spousal abuse through prohibition, as well changed the working roles and professions of women. Women fought for the right to vote in order to have their voices and opinions heard, so that they would be regarded as â€Å"persons† and be able to make improvements in Canada. Disenfranchisement became unacceptable to women. From the year 1791 and for the next hundred years, men were the only ones allowed to vote, and hold political office However, this view changed in the midst of the 19th century, when women’s organizations began wanting improvements for the society’s needs and better working conditions for women working in factories. The suffrage movement began in the 1890’s in western Canada where one of the many organizations concerning suffrage was created, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union , which was one of the many organizations and suffrage groups that initiated meetings, presentations, and demonstrations , and also sent petitions to the government concerning the woman’s right to vote. The WCTU was an organization that empowered woman to voice their concerns to the government. In 1911, a woman named Nellie McClung made a difference in speeding up the process of getting women the right to vote by arriving in Winnipeg and who spoke at over 400 public meetings concerning suffrage. McClung was known as the leading suffragette. In 1912, Nellie McClung helped organized an organization that would increase the number of supporters, called the the Political Equity League. Many men, including ones who were politicians, became in favor of granting women the right to vote. In 1916, Manitoba passed a law that would grant women enfranchisement, and was soon followed by other provinces. However, this ight only applied to provincial elections, not federal elections. Finally in 1918, the Women’s Franchise Law allowed women who were over the age of 21 to vote in federal elections. Women had won, for in 1919 women were also granted the right to hold political office in parliament, where in 1921 Agnes Macphail was the first woman to be elected as a federal member. By b eing granted the right to vote, women were able to express their concerns of poverty, social reforms, alcohol abuse, and much more. Nellie McClung was a strong woman who helped empower the suffrage movement in granting woman the right to vote and be considered persons. Without fighting for the right to vote, woman would never have been able to make changes in Canada, as well as the rest of the world. Women believed that the source of their husband’s abuse was alcohol, and to decrease the amount of abuse inflicted upon wives, women began pressuring governments into passing prohibition laws. Women believed that fathers and husbands would spend their pay cheques on alcohol and beer after work, rather than bringing the money home to support their families. Furthermore, when men came home drunk, they had the tendency to beat their wives and children. In order to campaign prohibition, many women joined the Women’s Christian Temperance Union in the 1920s that fought for the rights of women. Temperance movements blamed the consumption of alcohol for many of society’s downturns, especially crime and murder By the beginning of the 20th century, women had fought for, and succeeded in having prohibition laws passed in nearly every province. Women and politicians believed that prohibition laws should be enforced because the grain from alcohol could be used to feed people, and money spent on alcohol could be used to feed families. Improvements were made in Canada with the illegalization of the consumption and manufacturing of alcohol; crime rates dropped, arrest for drunkenness decreased, workers took pay cheques homes, and industrial efficiency improved. By women campaigning prohibition in order to have their concerns and opinions heard, they made a difference in Canada by decreasing crime rates, and making people realize what alcohol can do to a person’s behaviour, and how it can endanger others. Before WW1, a woman’s main role was as a housewife, however during the war women joined the labour force and occupied many jobs as secretaries, clerks, and typists that were not conceivable to the public before the war. After the war, women decided that it was time to join the work force, and gain independence. Women viewed themselves as spending their lives taking care of the home, having babies, and obeying their husbands. Nevertheless, women began to move away from this attitude by 1911 where they began focusing on their careers and education. By 1917 there were 35 000 women employed in Ontario and Montreal. Women were paid less than men for completing the same amount of work, as well many women were laid off following the war, yet by the 1920’s women re-established their war time involvement. Women found their sense of independence, and began occupying jobs in the fields of library work, teaching, social work, and clerical. Women began realizing how important the right of having an education was, so women began entering universities and by 1930, 23% of undergraduates and 35% of all graduates were students who were female. The Great Depression showed women many struggles, by launching them back into the domestic service, and having them be laid off more than men. With the help of 21 Women’s organizations, a National Selective Service worked to have women recruited back into the industrial labor force. Governments had troubles recruiting women with children, or married women into the labor force. However, by 1942, 33. 2% of all women were employed in Canada. Women worked hard to have the attitude of being known as housewives changed. By the way women persevered in having an education and finding better employment, they gained respect and independence. They occupied jobs that were initially viewed as being a man’s â€Å"duties†. When women were given the opportunity, they found it within themselves to fight for justice and rights among all women, which ended up changing the future of Canada’s next generations of girls and women alike. Though women struggled to be viewed as equal to men, through the suffrage movement and fighting for the right to vote, prohibition, and getting women into the labor force, women achieved the rights and freedoms that they deserved. In present years, women have the right to vote in elections, and are able to have an education, and occupy a multitude of different professions, such as teachers, secretaries, and doctors. Because of prohibition, women have found the courage to stand up to their abusive husbands. Canada has improved as a country because of women like Nellie McClung, who were not afraid to fright for, and make improvements, and changes in Canada. If women in the 1920s did not fight for these rights and stand up for what they believe in, women in the twenty first century would not have the rights and freedoms that they do now. How to cite The Pride of Being a Woman, Papers

Cover Letter CAP

Question: Write a cover letter to CAP. Answer: From: To: Name: XXXXX XXXX Title: XXXXXXXX Address: XXXXXXXXXXX Organisation: College of American Pathologists Contact Number: XXXXXXX Address: XXXXXXXXXXXX Email id: XXXXXXXXXXX Date: XXXX Respected Sir / Madam, I would hereby like to draw your attention to the fact that the laboratory, XXXXX, in which I have been working for the past three months, has undergone a CAP on-site survey on XX.XX.XXXX. The respected Inspectors had found some Phase II discrepancies. I would like to apologise to the concerned authority and take responsibility of it. Kindly find the attachment, which is an explanation for such discrepancies from our end. I ensure that the problems would be solved soon and definitely before the next round of CAP inspection. Kindly consider my request. Thanking you, Yours Faithfully XXXXXXX XXXXX Subject: Response on the recent On-Site Survey 1) In response to the establishment of PT for ESRs, we have not established (PT) for ESR, wherein the red blood cells are continuously in sediment. The main reason is that there is an ongoing research for developing a more sophisticated tool for management of the PT in the ESR. The researcher working in the laboratory have the hope of coming up with a prefect alternative to PT to be included in the ESR, in order to make it more powerful and resilient. The ESR is being discontinued until the time something is in place and the expected period would be one month for the PT to be implemented. 2) In response to the low score in PT Challenges, the score of 80% in the PT Challenges for the urine creatinine is below acceptable level. However, it should be increased by taking up specific measures like revising the kit. 3) The maintenance of the documents for electrical ground checks for centrifuge have not been undertaken adequately and not replaced. For making sure that no possible risk of electrical hazards remains, maintenance have been undertaken on a regular basis. The earth grounding and the wiring of the wall outlet receptacle has been done. The line voltage is in alignment with the particular voltage required. No three-to-two wire adapter or two-wire extension is used. A two-wire receptacle strip is also not used that is of non-grounding type. These are the guidelines for proper handling of centrifuge and avoiding risks of inconvenience that are adhered to. 4) Receiving no response from the remote location while testing the blood bank refrigerator, is a major concern. It is important to increase the knowledge level of the workers working in the laboratory related to the CLIA requirement of preservation through which they can take these things seriously, and avoid repeating same mistake in the near future (Buppert, 2008). Again, proper check and balance factor is essential in this particular aspect to make the things in the favour of the laboratory. All the employees will be retrained on this aspect and during the training process the employees will be given guidelines on how to manage the operating procedure. It would be stated that the appointed remote location charge person of the day has to respond within 10 minutes to the alarm. There will be a drill conducted twice a year on remote alarm in order to make all employees capable to responding in an appropriate manner. 5) In response of the missing of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), we have located the backup files of the missing sheets from the manufacturers websites and placed the MSDS sheets in the respective files. The supervisor will keep a track of all the chemicals in the future and it is the responsibility of the supervisor to make sure that the MSDS sheets are kept in the respective files before the chemicals are used for service. The MSDS sheets will be compared with the chemicals every two months and if any such sheets are foud to eb missing, they will be recovered from the website of the manufacturer. According to the requirement of CLIA, the MSDS that contain the information relating to potential hazards and safety should be maintained accordingly in the file (Gagnon Whalen, 2000). In case of missing, strict probing will be initiated against the people who are liable to maintain and filing of these documents. Legal actions may be taken against the individuals, subjected to the inte nsity of the missing information. 6) We have an idea that as per the requirement of CAP/CLIA, the reticulocyte procedure that contains the information related to the blood cells should be reported and recorded in the files to be used for the audit purpose (Voytek, 2003). Missing of this information from the file is yet again a serious concern, and legal action will be taken against the responsible person. However, much of emphasize would have been diverted on the aspect of gaining the immature red blood cells again. In response to found outdated alkaline phosphatase reagent, we would like to ensure the CLIA inspection team that we are not utilizing the outdated alkaline phosphatase reagent that found in the refrigerator in the back-up Chem analyzing procedure, but we only consider the same for some analysis purpose in particular. We have an idea that using outdated alkaline phosphatase reagent can cause numerous health hazards and no one in the laboratory is even daring to play with the health of the individuals. However, we will take a note of the same, and make sure that similar issue will not rise again. In case of any further clarification, please feel free to contact us Youre truly Manager ABC Laboratory Dated References Buppert, C. (2008). Nurse practitioner's business practice and legal guide. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. Gagnon, M., Whalen, R. (2000).CLIA policy on new laboratory instruments. Diagnostic Cytopathology23(6), 435-435. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0339(200012)23:63.0.co;2-u Voytek, T. (2003). A kinder and gentler CLIA?. Diagnostic Cytopathology, 29(3), 123-124. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.10366